< Past Perfect

Past Perfect: The Past Perfect (#1)

Dennis Oliver

The Past Perfect Tense #1:
Form

The form of the past perfect tense is easy to understand:
it always has two parts: had and the past participle
("third form") of the verb:

had asked		had arisen
had begged		had been
had checked		had cost
had dropped		had driven
had expected		had eaten
had fixed		had frozen
had guessed		had gone
had hoped		had had*
had implied		had hurt
had jumped		had known
had kissed		had lent
had liked		had meant
had missed		had put
had needed		had quit
had opened		had run
had passed		had seen
had questioned		had taken
had risked		had understood
had stopped		had won
had uncovered
had viewed
had watched
had x-rayed
had yelled
had zoomed
* Notice that had can be both an auxiliary verb and a main verb.

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In the past perfect, the auxiliary had is often contracted to 'd:

I had ---> I'd		we had --->we'd
you had ---> you'd		you had ---> you'd
he / she / it had ---> he'd / she'd / it'd		they had --->they'd

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The past perfect is made negative by adding not after had,
but had not is often contracted to hadn't. In addition,
contractions are common with subject pronouns:

I had not ---> I'd not		we had not --->we'd not
you had not ---> you'd not		you had not ---> you'd not
he / she / it had not ---> he'd not / she'd not / it'd not		they had not --->they'd not

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Next: uses of the past perfect tense

Past Perfect: The Past Perfect (#1)

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