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Countries, Adjective Forms & Nationalities: Countries, Adjective Forms, and Nationalities (#14)

Dennis Oliver

The adjective forms for countries and the names for citizens of countries
are often confusing in English. This happens for two reasons. First, there
is no easy way to change a country's name to its adjective form because
several different endings are used for this purpose. Second, the words
for nationalities are often the same as the adjective forms, but not always.

Here is more information on names of countries, their adjective forms,
and the words used for their citizens.

Countries, Adjective Forms,
and Nationalities (#14)

country

adjective

nationality
Taiwan Taiwanese Taiwanese
Tajikistan Tajikistani Tajikistani
Tanzania Tanzanian Tanzanian
Thailand Thai* Thai*
Togo Togolese Togolese
Tonga Tongan Tongan
Trinidad and
Tobago
Trinidadian,
Tobagonian*
Trinidadian,
Tobagonian*
Tunisia Tunisian Tunisian
Turkey Turkish* Turk*
Turkmenistan Turkmen* Turkmen*
Tuvalu Tuvaluan Tuvaluan

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Special Notes:

1. Notice that the adjective and nationality forms for Thailand
are the same: Thai (adjective), Thai (nationality).
2. Because Trinidad and Tobago is one country that consists
of two separate islands, two separate adjective and nationality
forms are used: 
Trinidadian (adjective and nationality form
for 
Trinidad) and Tobagonian (adjective and nationality 
form for 
Tobago).
3. Notice that the adjective and nationality forms for Turkey
are different: Turkish (adjective), Turk (nationality).
4.  Many countries ending in -stan or -istan have adjective and
nationality forms which end in 
-i, but for Turkmenistan,
the adjective and nationality forms are both 
Turkmen.

 

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